Fuel & energy

Non-coking (thermal) coal

नॉन-कोकिंग (थर्मल) कोयला

India’s production: 1,047.52 million tonnes (raw coal, all types) · 2024-25

producing states: 7
HS codes: 1
businesses use it: 4

What it is

Coal burned for heat and power in boilers, kilns, brick and lime plants, sponge iron and cement.

G1 to G17 by gross calorific valueWashed / beneficiated coal

Where India produces it

Chhattisgarh
Largest non-coking coal producer in 2020-21: 23.6% of national output.
Odisha
22.96% in 2020-21; Odisha also holds the largest coal resources (100,975.78 million tonnes as on 1.4.2025).
Madhya Pradesh
19.7% in 2020-21.
Jharkhand
11.8% in 2020-21.
Telangana
7.8% in 2020-21.
Maharashtra
7% in 2020-21.
West Bengal
4.5% in 2020-21.

Where imports come from

Moderate: 264.545 million tonnes of coal (excluding lignite) was imported in 2023-24.

Rules before you buy or sell

Small users can buy coal through Coal India subsidiaries' e-auctions and linkage schemes; check the current scheme for your sector.
Boilers and kilns burning coal need consent to operate from the state pollution control board.
Check the current import and export policy for your exact 8-digit HS code in the DGFT ITC(HS) schedules.

Storage and handling

Covered or wind-shielded heaps under 3 to 4 m high, compacted; rotate stock to avoid self-heating fires.

Businesses that use it

Lime Kiln (Burnt Lime / Quicklime) →Clay Brick Manufacturing Unit →Fire Clay Refractory Bricks and Blocks →Metallurgical Coke Unit (Small Coke Ovens) →

Sources (4)